Favoritism in the Workplace--How to Avoid Even the Perception of It

I'm going to address a topic that isn't often discussed formally by top management within a business, certainly not out in the open. It's a major topic in HR circles, I'm sure. It's also a major topic, in hushed tones, around the water cooler and during lunch among friends. But regardless of how little formal attention it gets, this is an important issue that exists in nearly every workplace, large and small. While it's not something that gets addressed in management meetings or SEC filings, I'd venture to guess that it can have as much affect on a company as most "high profile" management topics.

THE PROBLEM

The issue that I' m referring to is Workplace Favoritism. If you've ever worked in an organization larger than two people, I suspect that you've seen it. Favoritism is part of human nature. No two people interact similarly to any other two, so it's impossible for all workplace relationships to be "equal". It's only natural to gravitate to people that you share common interests with, and with whom you have an easy rapport. And of course, there's nothing wrong with any of this, on the surface. The problems surface when one of three distinct things ocurr:

1. When a good rapport and shared interests lead to a PERCEPTION that an employee is getting favored treatment from a manager
2. When a manager ACTUALLY PROVIDES unfair preferential treatment for one employee at the expense of others
3. Nepotism, the granddaddy of workplace favoritism

So you might be thinking, hey, this is pretty subjective stuff. There are many people in the workplace who are extremely sensitive, and are looking around every corner for perceived slights and injustices. Women can be suspicious that they're being shut out of participation in the best projects, or advancement, because of the "Old Boys Club"--oftentimes with good reason, unfortunately. There are also many under-performers who look at other's relationships, in an attempt to convince themselves that it's something other than their own shortcomings that is preventing them from getting ahead.

WHAT DEFINES FAVORITISM?
I don't believe that you can, or should, treat everyone the same. I'm not an advocate of communism. People who perform well should be rewarded. And a single management style doesn't work equally well with all employees. Some people need more attention to fulfill their potential, while others excel with less attention and more autonomy. And speaking strictly about nepotism, just because an employee is related to someone in a position of power, doesn't insure they are lazy or incompetent.

So when does smart, individualized management of employees cross the line into unfair favoritism?

It crosses the line when an employee receives extra benefits that are perceived to result from a "special relationship" rather than from excelling in job performance.

The actions in question can be pretty subtle, and the employees who feel slighted might be very good at hiding their true feelings. So it's also very easy for a manager to think there's no real problem, and often be totally oblivious to perceptions of favoritism.

But it is extremely important for management to be hyper-sensitive to this issue. While this is a universal business issue, I feel it is particularly important to high technology enterprises. High Tech companies, particularly startups, are built to move very fast. A big aspect of that speed advantage is often the company cultures, which tend to be open and collaborative. To ignore this issue in a High Tech business is to invite a loss of productivity, or in extreme circumstances, an actual destruction of the company culture that you've worked hard to create. Resentment can build quickly when favoritism is suspected. Resentment quickly becomes bitterness, and bitterness leads to all sorts of behavior which creates problems for companies. Plummeting productivity, divisions between the perceived "haves" and "have-nots", absenteeism and attrition. All of this has the potential to slow down or even stop a fast-moving, but embryonic, High Tech business very quickly.

PERCEPTION, NOT REALITY
I want to emphasize that it's the PERCEPTION of favoritism that does the damage. If there is actual favoritism, you can argue that management is just getting what they deserve. But I've seen proud managers who think that since they're not actually doing anything wrong, that should be enough--people will recognize it. They may also feel that they are too busy worrying about "real" business problems that are critical to the business in the near term, to be concerned with such "soft"issues. They'll let HR worry about such things. Or since they're not actually guilty, they believe that they just don't need to defend themselves further. Lastly, they might think that since they're the "all powerful" boss, they can do what they want, and no one will challenge their decisions.

In nearly all cases, no matter the justification, the companies of managers who ignore perceptions of favoritism will suffer as a result of the oversight.

This is a pretty confusing topic, with a lot of room for misperception on both the management and employee sides. But it's extremely important for management to directly address the issue head-on. So what's a manager to do to avoid the PERCEPTION of favoritism, which as discussed above, can be just as damaging as actual favoritism?

COMMON SENSE APPROACH
I propose that it's not hard to take a common sense approach to favoritism. Here are the rules I suggest management try to live by:

1.Do everything within your power to insure that advancement, perks and compensation are based strictly upon objective performance measures

2.Strive to treat everyone fairly, if not necessarily the same

3.Put yourself in your employee's shoes--think back to before you were a manager, and evaluate whether you might feel a particular action feels like favoritism

4.Create an environment where any employee feels comfortable discussing a perceived injustice with management--this enables managers to nip misconceptions in the bud

5.Practice an open door policy--this also contributes to a culture of trust, which can sooth ruffled feathers before hurt feelings can fester and turn a situation far more sour

6.Manage potential perceptions of favoritism proactively--it's much easier to prevent the perception up front, than it is to "put out the fire" once it's raging

7.If at all possible, avoid family relationships within the workplace. If this isn't possible, apply the highest performance standard possible to the relative in the junior position

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